EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Why Celereum?
Whitepaper Summary — All 14 Sections
Protocol v1.4.0 • December 2025
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Celereum is the first Layer-1 blockchain to achieve both high performance and post-quantum security. Using Tower BFT + PoH consensus with our novel SEVS cryptography (128-byte signatures), we target 50,000 TPS, 400ms blocks, 200ms finality—100x faster than other PQ blockchains. Features 5 native programs (System, Token, AMM, Bridge, Vesting) and cross-chain bridges to 5 EVM networks. Minimal hardware requirements (4-core, 16GB RAM) ensure decentralization.
1. Introduction
Modern blockchains face the trilemma: decentralization, security, scalability. Celereum addresses this with optimized consensus and parallel execution while maintaining accessibility.
| Challenge | Celereum Solution |
|---|---|
| Low TPS | Parallel execution, 50K TPS (with PQ security) |
| Slow Finality | Tower BFT + PoH, 200ms finality |
| High Fees | 5,000 celers base fee (~$0.0001) |
| Limited Features | 5 native programs at genesis |
2. System Overview
| Component | Specification |
|---|---|
| Architecture | Account-based (like Solana) |
| Consensus | Tower BFT + Proof of History |
| Block Time | 400ms (slots) |
| Finality | 200ms |
| Native Token | CEL (9 decimals, 210M supply) |
| Smart Contracts | Programs (stateless, account-based) |
3. Consensus Mechanism
Proof of History (PoH)
- SHA-256 sequential hashing
- Verifiable time ordering
- 100 ticks/second
- 32 ticks per slot
Tower BFT
- Optimized PBFT variant
- 2/3 supermajority required
- Byzantine fault tolerant (1/3)
- No communication overhead
4. Cryptography
| Primitive | Algorithm | Performance |
|---|---|---|
| Signatures | SEVS (Post-Quantum) | 128-byte, quantum-resistant |
| Aggregation | BLS12-381 | Constant verification |
| Hashing | SHA3-256 | Account addressing |
| PoH Hash | SHA-256 | Sequential chain |
5. Network Protocol
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Propagation | Turbine (tree-based) |
| Gossip Protocol | CRDS (Protocol Buffers) |
| RPC Port | 8899 |
| WebSocket Port | 8900 |
| P2P Port | 8001 |
6. Account Model
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Address | 64-byte SEVS public key (Base58) |
| Celers | Balance (1 CEL = 10⁹ celers) |
| Owner | Program that owns this account |
| Data | Arbitrary bytes (max 10 MB) |
| Executable | Boolean (is this a program?) |
| Rent Exempt | Min balance to avoid rent |
7. Transaction Processing
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Max TX Size | 1,232 bytes |
| Max TX per Block | 3,200 |
| Max Block Size | 32 MB |
| Base Fee | 5,000 celers |
| Priority Fee | Optional (per CU) |
| Fee Burn | 50% |
8. Built-in Programs (5)
| Program | Features |
|---|---|
| System | Account creation, CEL transfers, allocate space |
| Token (CEL-20) | Mint, transfer, burn, freeze, delegate |
| AMM | x*y=k pools, 0.3% fee, LP tokens |
| Bridge | ETH, BSC, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism |
| Vesting | Schedules, cliffs, linear unlock |
9. Token Economics
| Supply | |
|---|---|
| Total Supply | 210,000,000 CEL |
| Decimals | 9 |
| Fee Burn | 50% |
| Inflation | 8% → 1.5% |
| Distribution | |
|---|---|
| Community | 40% |
| Team (4yr vest) | 20% |
| Foundation | 15% |
| Ecosystem | 25% |
10. Security
| Attack Vector | Mitigation |
|---|---|
| 51% Attack | PoS with slashing (need 2/3 stake) |
| Double Voting | 1% stake slash |
| Downtime | 0.01%/hour slash |
| Long Range | Checkpoints, social consensus |
| Sybil | 1M CEL minimum stake |
Post-Quantum Cryptography — SEVS (Production)
Celereum uses SEVS (Seed-Expanded Verkle Signatures) for all transaction signing:
128-byte
Compact signatures
64-byte
Public keys
256-bit
Security level
Status: Production-ready • Quantum-resistant from day one
11. Performance
| Metric | Current | Target |
|---|---|---|
| TPS | 2,000+ | 50,000 |
| Block Time | 400ms | 400ms |
| Finality | 1-2s | 200ms |
| Hardware | Minimum |
|---|---|
| CPU | 4 cores @ 2.5GHz |
| RAM | 16 GB |
| Storage | 200 GB NVMe |
| Network | 100 Mbps |
12. Ecosystem
DEX (Celereum Swap)
- Native AMM on-chain
- 0.3% swap fee
- LP token rewards
- Permissionless listing
CEX (Coming Soon)
- Order book trading
- Fiat on/off ramps
- Institutional API (FIX)
- Unified liquidity
Cross-Chain Bridge
- Ethereum
- BNB Chain
- Polygon
- Arbitrum, Optimism
Developer Tools
- TypeScript SDK
- Wallet Extension
- Block Explorer
- JSON-RPC API
13. Conclusion
| Feature | Celereum | Solana | Ethereum |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target TPS | 50,000 | 65,000 | ~30 |
| Block Time | 400ms | 400ms | 12s |
| Finality | 200ms | 400ms | 15min |
| Post-Quantum | ✓ SEVS | ✗ | ✗ |
| Built-in Programs | 5 | 3 | 0 |
| Native AMM | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Native Bridge | 5 chains | ✗ | ✗ |
| Fee Burn | 50% | 0% | ~50% |
| Min Hardware | 4 core/16GB | 12 core/128GB | 2 core/8GB |
Post-Quantum Security Without Compromise
While post-quantum cryptography inherently requires more computation, SEVS enables 50,000 TPS—100x faster than other PQ blockchains (~500 TPS with Dilithium). We maintain minimal hardware (4-core, 16GB RAM) to maximize decentralization while ensuring quantum-era security.